Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is the most severe form
of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). As a result of severe
nausea and vomiting, patients may develop various complications, including
weight loss, dehydration, and electrolyte abnormalities. The etiopathogenesis
of HG is not fully clarified, and it is thought to be a multifactorial disease.
Treatment includes diet, lifestyle modification, and pharmacotherapy. Patients
with inadequate oral intake and signs of dehydration should be hospitalized and
treated. The first goal of the treatment is rehydration and correction of
electrolyte abnormalities. Patients with ongoing weight loss and symptoms
refractory to treatment can be supported with enteral and parenteral nutrition.
NVP and HG do not negatively affect pregnancy unless severe malnutrition
develops. However, it should not be forgotten that various complications may
develop if HG is not identified and treated promptly.
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