Chapter 5 highlights factors affecting microbial growth in foods, emphasizing their direct impact on food quality and safety. Microbial growth can result in desirable outcomes, such as fermentation, or undesirable effects, including food spoilage and foodborne illnesses. Understanding and controlling these factors are crucial in food preservation and processing. The factors influencing microbial growth are categorized into intrinsic factors (e.g., water activity, pH, nutrients), extrinsic factors (e.g., storage conditions), implicit factors (e.g., microbial interactions), processing factors (e.g., heating, cooling), and their combinations (hurdles). This chapter details how each factor affects microbial growth and discusses methods for monitoring and controlling microbial growth. Emphasizing interactions of these factors offers a comprehensive approach to managing microbial growth in food systems, aiming to ensure food safety and extend shelf life.
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