Testicular cancer has been reported to be the most common
solid malignancy in young males. The risk factors are reported to be; hypospadias,
cryptorchidism, impaired spermatogenesis. The family history of testicular cancer in
first degree relative may increase the risk of testicular tumors. Testicular germ cell tumors
(TGCTs) are known to be the most common tumor in young white men with having a high
heritability estimated to be 37–49%, and family history and cryptorchidism reported to be the
strongest known risk factors, whereas no evidence regarding environmental risk factors
have been defined. Also, dynamic epigenetic changes reported to occur during the male germ
cell cycle. Patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications in TGCTs are reported
to be different from those in somatic cancers.
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