Thymic tumors are the most common anterior mediastinal neoplasms in adults. They can be benign, malignant, or benign with possible malignant association. The indication for surgery and extent of resection depend on the pathological nature of the tumor, invasiveness, and associated symptoms. Thymic hyperplasia is usually associated with myasthenia gravis (MG), which is the main indication for surgery in these cases. Thymic cysts can be benign or malignant, so the proper treatment is debatable and depends on suspicion of malignancy or associated MG. Thymolipoma is associated with autoimmune systemic diseases, and surgical resection is indicated to confirm the diagnosis and relieve symptoms. Thymoma is the most common thymic tumor and is potentially malignant, with a tendency for invasiveness and local recurrence. Thymic tumors are staged using the Masaoka staging system or the TNM staging system, and prognosis depends on invasiveness, histological typing, and completeness of surgical resection. Complete surgical resection is the most effective treatment for localized and locally advanced thymic tumors, resulting in favorable prognosis and long-term survival. Thymoma, in particular, requires special attention due to its prevalence and potential for invasiveness.(AI)